PIIA

If nobody signed one, your company may not own the product it sells

A Proprietary Information and Inventions Assignment agreement moves the IP your founders, employees and contractors create out of their names and into the company's. Without it, ownership sits with the individuals who wrote the code.

Included in every formation and founder package.

Why this is the item diligence always finds

It is invisible while you are building and decisive when someone is buying. Every investor and every acquirer asks the same question: can you show that the company owns its technology?

Ownership does not transfer by default

Absent an agreement, the person who created something generally owns it. A founder who wrote the first version before incorporating owns that version personally until they assign it.

Contractors are the biggest gap

Employees are sometimes covered by default rules. Contractors usually are not. The freelancer who built your first app may still own it.

It gets harder to fix over time

Chasing a signature from someone who left two years ago, after a falling out, while a term sheet waits, is a bad position to negotiate from.

Who has to sign one

Every founder

Including work done before the company existed. This is the assignment that turns your prototype into a company asset.

Every employee

Signed at hire, alongside the offer letter, not chased afterwards.

Every contractor and agency

Designers, developers, agencies, anyone who touches the product. Usually built into the contractor agreement rather than signed separately.

Advisors who contribute

If an advisor contributes a design, a spec or code, they need to assign it too. Routinely forgotten.

Where it gets complicated

Founders outside the US
If a founder sits behind a German UG, a Canadian employer of record, or any other local structure, the assignment has to reach through that entity to the Delaware company. A standard US form often does not.
Work done at a previous employer
If a founder built anything while employed elsewhere, their old employer may have a claim. Prior inventions have to be listed and carved out honestly, which is the part founders want to skip.
Contributed patents
Assigning a patent or a provisional application into the company means a recorded chain of title at the USPTO, not just a signed agreement in a folder.
State law limits
Several states, California included, limit how far an assignment can reach into an employee's own time and unrelated work. An overreaching clause can be narrowed or struck.

Common questions

We never signed these. How bad is it?

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Fixable in most cases, and much easier while everyone is still on good terms. The work is identifying every person who contributed and getting assignments signed now, before anyone has a reason to be difficult about it.

Is a PIIA the same as an NDA?

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No. An NDA stops someone sharing your information. A PIIA transfers ownership of what they create. Most PIIAs include confidentiality terms, which is why they get confused.

Does open source in our codebase cause a problem?

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It can, depending on the licences. That is a separate review from the PIIA, and worth doing before a funding round rather than during one.

Our contractor is abroad. Does a US form work?

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Sometimes, and sometimes it needs local adaptation, particularly around moral rights in Europe. Tell us where they are and we will tell you which.

What does it cost?

PIIAs come inside our formation and founder equity packages at no separate charge. A standalone cleanup across a team is quoted as a fixed fee once we know how many people are involved.

Find out whether your company owns its own product

List everyone who has written code or made designs for you since the beginning. We will tell you where the gaps are and what it takes to close them.

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